SQL Cheat Sheet

SQL quick reference. Queries, joins, aggregation, and common functions. Bookmark this page or print it.

Basic Queries

SELECT * FROM tableSelect all

SELECT col1, col2 FROM tableSelect cols

SELECT DISTINCT col FROM tableUnique values

SELECT * FROM t WHERE col > 5Filter

SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY col DESCSort

SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5Paginate

INNER JOINMatching rows

LEFT JOINAll left + matching right

RIGHT JOINAll right + matching left

FULL OUTER JOINAll rows both

CROSS JOINCartesian product

SELF JOINJoin to itself

COUNT(*) / COUNT(DISTINCT col)Count

SUM(col) / AVG(col)Sum / Avg

MIN(col) / MAX(col)Min / Max

GROUP BY colGroup rows

HAVING COUNT(*) > 5Filter groups

INSERT INTO t (c1) VALUES (v1)Insert

UPDATE t SET c1 = v1 WHERE ...Update

DELETE FROM t WHERE ...Delete

CREATE TABLE t (id INT PRIMARY KEY)Create table

ALTER TABLE t ADD col TYPEAdd column

DROP TABLE tDelete table

COALESCE(a, b)First non-null

CASE WHEN x THEN y ELSE z ENDConditional

CAST(col AS TYPE)Type conversion

CONCAT(a, b)String concat

SUBSTRING(col, 1, 5)Substring

NOW() / CURRENT_DATECurrent date